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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is characterized by the presence of benign hamartomatous polyps primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, alongside distinct mucocutaneous pigmentation. The pigmentation commonly appears as dark spots or freckles on the lips, around the mouth, and on the hands and feet. This condition is linked to mutations in the STK11 gene and can increase the risk of various cancers, making it crucial for individuals diagnosed with this syndrome to be monitored for potential malignancies.

In contrast, the other conditions provided do not present with the same combination of features. Plummer-Vinson syndrome involves iron deficiency anemia and esophageal webs but does not associate with mucocutaneous pigmentation or polyps. Pernicious anemia is primarily an autoimmune condition affecting vitamin B12 absorption, and myasthenia gravis is characterized by muscle weakness due to an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Therefore, the specific symptoms of benign polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation uniquely identify Peutz-Jeghers syndrome as the correct answer.