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Cleidocranial dysplasia is characterized by several distinct features, including delayed tooth eruption, the retention of primary teeth, and hypoplastic (underdeveloped) clavicles. This genetic condition affects the development of bones and teeth due to mutations in the RUNX2 gene, which is important for bone formation and dental development.

The delayed tooth eruption is significant because individuals with this condition often experience a prolonged presence of primary teeth, which can affect overall dental alignment and the timing of orthodontic treatment. The hypoplastic clavicles are a key physical characteristic, as they contribute to the unique skeletal appearance associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. This condition results in a narrower shoulder width, which is often recognized during physical examination.

The other conditions listed do not share this specific combination of symptoms. For instance, cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems, acromegaly involves abnormal growth due to excess growth hormone, and achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism characterized by skeletal abnormalities but not specifically by the dental findings or clavicular issues seen in cleidocranial dysplasia. Therefore, the unique combination of dental and skeletal anomalies makes cleidocranial dysplasia the correct answer.