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The primary cell components associated with chronic inflammation are essentially linked to the immune response over an extended period. In chronic inflammation, macrophages play a crucial role as they are pivotal in sustaining the inflammatory response, but the hallmark feature of chronic inflammation is the ongoing presence of activated immune cells.

Macrophages, which originate from monocytes and can differentiate into various forms in response to different stimuli, are essential in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. They help in phagocytosing pathogens and cellular debris and in orchestrating the repair process. Alongside them, T lymphocytes and other cell types are often present, contributing to the pathophysiological changes occurring during chronic inflammation.

While polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are typically more associated with the acute phase of inflammation rather than the chronic phase, where macrophages and lymphocytes are more prominent, inappropriate or prolonged influx of neutrophils can signify a transition or persistence of inflammation over time.

Epithelial cells predominantly function as a barrier and take part in the regenerative processes but are not central to chronic inflammatory responses in themselves.

Fibroblasts, while important for tissue repair and the production of extracellular matrix, are more associated with the later stages of chronic inflammation where they facilitate sc